The diagnosis of submucous cleft palate often occurs late in children as a result of the nature of the cleft. Submucous cleft palate can also occur, which is a cleft of the soft palate with a split uvula, a furrow along the midline of the soft palate, and a notch in the back margin of the hard palate. Possible treatment options include speech therapy, prosthetics, augmentation of the posterior pharyngeal wall, lengthening of the palate, and surgical procedures. Secondary effects of VPI include speech articulation errors (e.g., distortions, substitutions, and omissions) and compensatory misarticulations and mispronunciations (e.g., glottal stops and posterior nasal fricatives). Because of the gap, air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal voice resonance and nasal emissions while talking. It is due to the failure of fusion of the maxillary prominence and medial nasal processes (formation of the primary palate).Ī result of an open connection between the mouth and inside the nose is called velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Lip cleft can occur as a one-sided (unilateral) or two-sided (bilateral) condition. Cleft lip is formed in the top of the lip as either a small gap or an indentation in the lip (partial or incomplete cleft), or it continues into the nose (complete cleft). If the cleft does not affect the palate structure of the mouth, it is referred to as cleft lip. The condition was formerly known as a 'hare-lip' because of its resemblance to a hare or rabbit, but that term is now generally considered to be offensive. In 2017, it resulted in about 3,800 deaths globally, down from 14,600 deaths in 1990. Cleft lip is about twice as common in males as females, while cleft palate without cleft lip is more common in females. Ĭleft lip and palate occurs in about 1 to births in the developed world. With appropriate treatment, outcomes are good. Speech therapy and dental care may also be needed. This is often done in the first few months of life for cleft lip and before eighteen months for cleft palate. Ī cleft lip or palate can be successfully treated with surgery.

Cleft lip and cleft palate can often be diagnosed during pregnancy with an ultrasound exam.

Risk factors include smoking during pregnancy, diabetes, obesity, an older mother, and certain medications (such as some used to treat seizures). As such, they are a type of birth defect. Ĭleft lip and palate are the result of tissues of the face not joining properly during development. Less than half the time the condition is associated with other disorders. These disorders can result in feeding problems, speech problems, hearing problems, and frequent ear infections. The term orofacial cleft refers to either condition or to both occurring together. A cleft palate occurs when the palate (the roof of the mouth) contains an opening into the nose. The opening may be on one side, both sides, or in the middle. Smoking during pregnancy, diabetes, obesity, older mother, certain medications Ī cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose. Opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose or palate įeeding problems, speech problems, hearing problems, frequent ear infections Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology, pediatrics

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